Tracing the Rap/Hip-Hop Dichotomy in Popular and...

Tracing the Rap/Hip-Hop Dichotomy in Popular and Underground Music Rap music has experienced a radical increase in popularity in the last five years. In the year 2000, rap became the second-best-selling genre in music, capturing 12.9 percent of the years $14.3 billion in total record sales (Rap/Hip Hop Sc 1). Though rap is no stranger to criticism, that criticism has increased in both quantity and vociferousness at about the same rate as the number of rap albums climbing the charts. And the growing evidence that, apparently, in order to achieve commercial success, each rap album must be more negative and offensive than the last does not help to address these criticisms. Unfortunately, the critics miss most of the†¦show more content†¦The genres performers and audience were predominantly black in its early phases, though there was a significant Latino minority (Smitherman Sc 1), and it originated as the response of these marginalized groups to the commercial music of the period. Afrika Bambaataa, one of hip-hops founders and leader of the Zulu Nation (a hip-hop clique), once said, The Bronx wasnt into radio music no more....Hip-hop was against the disco that was being played on the radio (Stern 412). The hip-hop community also developed responses to other aspects of disco culture: Athletic gear in place of leisure suits and breakdancing in place of disco dancing. Graffiti art also became intertwined with hip-hop early on, and the music became a celebration of the three art forms that comprise hip-hop culture—graffiti, break dancing, and the music itself (Smitherman Sc 1, Costello 22). The mid-1980s saw the rise to marginal mainstream popularity of rap groups like Run-DMC and the Beastie Boys, who drew criticism for their relaxed treatment of sex, violence and, in the case of the Beastie Boys, drugs. Indeed they had, if not lost sight of the musics original aims completely, at least added these seemingly incongruous elements to it. Then, in 1989, hip-hop blew up in the mainstream with the introduction of

Effective Communication Within A Health And Social Care...

Effective communication in practice In this essay I will be analysing effective communication and reflecting on a personal situation that demonstrates this within a health and social care setting. There are many different types of communication, verbal, non-verbal, formal, informal, written and it can be shown through your tone of voice, thorough your facial expression, as well as the through your body language. The official definition of communication according to Oxford Learning Dictionary is, â€Å"the activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people information† and I will be using the Gibbs reflective tool (1988) and its 6 stages as the frame work to break down the incident I was involved in and compare it to the†¦show more content†¦By this point the patient had stopped breathing, I had pressed the emergency buzzer and ran to phone outreach whilst one of the nurses on my ward had started CPR and a nurse from the ward next door had pushed down the crash trolley. During situa tions like this it is hard to always insure that the patient’s dignity says intake, there is a lot that happens quickly, with urgency and as well as a confined space, as a result an output is often prioritised over making sure that patient in covered for example. However, the patient is constantly being reassure and we were running him through what was happening to try and lessen his panic in an unsettling and terrifying experience. The first emotion I remember feeling when I realised the seriousness of the situation was shock. This was the first crash I had ever experience and as the shock began to pass I felt slightly panicked, there was an element of chaos that had erupted within minutes and everyone was rushing around in kind of a blur. I do however remember that any commands or questions that were being asked were being spoken calmly and with the impression that everything was in control, this was somewhat reassuring to me when I felt at a loss of what to do. When the outreach people came, the people that help the nursesShow MoreRelatedExplain the Role of Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interaction Within a Health and Social Care Setting4822 Words   |  20 PagesExplain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction within a health and social care setting By Ellena Hall Figure 1 Figure 1 Contents Page: Page 3: Introduction Pages 4-7: Main Text Pages: 8- 9 Conclusion Page: 10 Definitions Page: 11 Bibliography Introduction: I am writing this report to inform year 11 students about effective communication which can be used during work placement in a health and social care setting. This is due to concernsRead MoreUnit 1 Communication1302 Words   |  6 PagesDIPLOMA IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE LEVEL 3. Unit 1. Developing effective communication in health and social care. Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. CRITERIA P1. In this piece of writing, I am to explain the role of effective communication in different context, the methods, the interpersonal interactions and how it support service users with their needs within healthRead MoreCommunications Essay in a Health and Social Care Settings, Different Ways of Communicating.1567 Words   |  7 PagesCommunications Essay in a health and social care settings, different ways of communicating. This is essay is going to be based on the importance of communication within the broader context of health and social care, it will give you a definitive insight to different communication techniques, such as verbal and non-verbal communication. Within this essay I will also discuss how important effective communication can be and the barriers that can restrict the care practitioner from doing his/her jobRead MoreUnit 1 Developing Effective Communication Essay795 Words   |  4 PagesDeveloping Effective Communication P1 Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. M1 Asses the role of effective communication and interpersonal in health and social care with reference to theories of communication. Context Formal Formal communication is important in a health and social care context. Formal communication shows respect for others and is an effective way of communicating when used. Formal communication wouldRead MoreExplain the Role of Effective Communication and Interpersonal Interaction in a Health and Social Care Setting. Skilled Communication Plays a Huge Role in Health and Social Care Such as Psychotherapy, Counselling, Medical and Health Care1117 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care setting. Skilled communication plays a huge role in health and social care such as psychotherapy, counselling, medical and health care. Effective communication and interaction play an important role in the work of all health and social care professionals. For example, care professionals need to be able to use a range of communication and interaction skills in order to work inclusively with peopleRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Interpersonal Communication Skills1264 Words   |  6 PagesInterpersonal communication is a fundamental skill that nurses use every day to interact and communicate. These skills include clinical empathy towards patients, diverse cultural understanding, non-verbal communication and skills used to communicate with deaf patients. This paper will discuss why it is important for nurses to use effective interpersonal communication skills and tips to overcome elderspeak to help minimize patient complains within the healthcare practice. To create a healthy nurseRead MoreCommunication As A Health And Social Care Context1260 Words   |  6 Pages Methods of Communication in a Health and Social Care Context For this task I am going to explain written communication. Written communication Written communication is a vital part in every origination, especially in the health and social care setting. Accurate records and files of patients must be kept and members of staff such as doctors, nurses and carers must always be in constant communication through files, notes, emails and regular meetings. Communication gets better when staff andRead MoreEffective Communication When Working Closely With Others1539 Words   |  7 Pages This essay focuses on effective communication when working closely with others in a health and social care setting. Firstly, the essay identifies the importance of effective communication, when working closely with others, and the different forms of communication. Secondly, it explains the factors that affect communication with health and social care service users, and how to overcome these factors. Last of all, influences on cultural responsibilities will be discussed, as well as the importanceRead MoreUnit: 1 P1,P2 M11498 Words   |  6 PagesExplaining the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. Effective communication is way in which people communicate towards each other. There are wide ranges of ways that communication can take place for example one to one conversations, group conversations. This can either be informal or formal depending on the individual’s outcome. An example of effective communication that can take place in a health and social care setting is a hospital, forRead MoreDiploma in Health and Social Care Level 3782 Words   |  4 PagesPromote communication in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings SHC 31 3 3 10 J/601/1434 Unit purpose and aim This unit is aimed at those who work in health or social care settings or with children or young people in a wide range of settings. The unit introduces the central importance of communication in such settings, and ways to overcome barriers to meet individual needs and preferences in communication Learning Outcomes The learner will: 1 Understand why effective communication

The Alchemist Symbolism free essay sample

The Alchemist tells the story of Santiago, a young shepherd living in an abandoned church in a small Andalusian town, who is stripped of his comfortable and safe lifestyle after an encounter with Melchizedek, an Islamic king who tells him of his â€Å"Personal Legend† (21). Melchizedek points Santiago in the direction of his treasure only after taking one-tenth of his money, giving him two stones, and a lesson on reading omens. Throughout his journey, Santiago meets new friends, has everything stolen from him three times, and travels the vast and unknown Sahara Desert all while achieving personal growth and an understanding of his life’s meaning. His journey leads him to an Oasis where he meets the alchemist, a man who will lead him on to the pyramids of Egypt. When Santiago finally completes his journey and arrives at the pyramids, he is beaten by soldiers and ironically told where the treasure is truly hidden: buried beneath a tree at an abandoned church, the exact spot where he had started. Coelho masterfully works symbolism into The Alchemist to give the reader a direct picture and deeper understanding of his piece. These symbols allow the reader to gain valuable insight into the piece through background knowledge and relations to the symbol itself. One example of symbolism in The Alchemist is mirages, or hallucinations. This symbol is not used in the way a typical reader would think. Instead of meaning a picture that one sees in the extreme heat, it is used to represent a vision or aspiration. Although the term mirage is mentioned only once in the novel, it is symbolized throughout by Santiago’s struggle to obtain his treasure. His hardships in traveling give the reader a sense that the treasure itself may be a mirage, something Santiago is only dreaming of but may never physically reach. Coelho uses two separate meanings of the word mirage. The literal definition word mirage is used the one time that it is mentioned and is understood to mean a vision. Santiago is watching hawks flying through the sky when an adverse move by one bird causes him to see a sign. Suddenly, one of the hawks made a flashing dive through the sky, attacking the other. As it did so, a sudden, fleeting image came to the boy: an army, with its swords at the ready, riding into the oasis. The vision vanished immediately, but it had shaken him. He had heard people speak of mirages, and had already seen some himself: they were desires that, because of their intensity, materialized over the sands of the desert. But he certainly didnt desire that an army invade the oasis. (100) At this point in the novel, Coelho is using mirage in the literal sense of a vision seen in the desert. Although Santiago sees it is a sign of the future and acts on this thought, the meaning of the word in this sense remains the same. Coelho also inadvertently compares Santiago’s entire journey as a mirage in itself. There are many times throughout the plot where it seems Santiago has almost reached his treasure or has made progress only to find a block in the road or a digression he must make. Although the reader may not make the connection during the first read, it is evident that the story line mirrors that of a mirage as Santiago seems physically unable to reach his treasure with ease. The first instance of such struggle comes early in his journey. Santiago sold his sheep and was traveling through Tangier when he stopped in a bar. There he meets and strange man who, for the right price, offers to take him to the pyramids claiming they â€Å"could get to the Pyramids by tomorrow† (36). Santiago allows himself to trust this man and lets him hold his money, the entirety of his possessions. The man leads Santiago through the plaza, a maze of people, vendors, and animals and, eventually, Santiago loses the stranger and all his money. This is the first time Santiago’s Personal Legend could be perceived as a mirage. Like a hallucination to a thirsty and tired desert traveler, this event gave Santiago happiness and hope only to leave him without his proverbial water and shelter. After being promised a guide to the pyramids and a short travel period he was instead left alone and without money. What had minutes beforehand seemed like a perfect way to his treasure was now only an empty promise. Soon after, Santiago is forced to work for a crystal merchant in the hopes of replacing his lost money and continuing on his quest. He works for the merchant for eleven months and during this time, continues to think less and ess of his Personal Legend. He becomes skilled in this practice and begins to work towards instead, replacing his flock of sheep and returning to his past lifestyle. During this time, Santiago perceived reaching the pyramids as an impossible feat claiming â€Å"Egypt was now just a distant dream for him† and that, like a mirage, it would always be just out of his reach (56). In th is way, Coelho shows that Santiago’s morale is lessening. The more that he stays at the crystal shop, the more he sees his treasure as a mirage instead of a physical object. Not only can the boy’s journey be related to mirages, so to can his relationship with Fatima. He first meets her at the oasis by the water well. They next day he returns and tells her that he loves her. From there he begins to tell her of his life as a shepherd and his search for treasure. Fatima listens patiently for a month and then finally tells Santiago her true feelings for him. She explains that she is a woman of the desert and that, since she is a woman of the desert, she is used to watching husbands leave. She explains how she is glad to let him go and wish for his safety until he returns, as it is something his must do. Santiago heeds her advice and continues on his journey, always thinking back to Fatima and the oasis, yearning to be with her. Coelho once again presents an event that can be compared to a mirage in this relationship. Santiago finally finds the woman he claims to love and just as he is getting close to her, she sends him off, away from what he desires. Santiago uses this relationship that is at the tip of his fingers as motivation to reach the end of his Personal Legend and return to Fatima with the treasure he has been searching for. Perhaps the largest and most prominent example of and event relating to a mirage would be when Santiago finally reaches the pyramids. After the hardships he encounters along his way, which include being stolen from twice, being stuck in the midst of a war, and having to turn himself into the wind, he finally reaches Egypt where his treasure is fated to be held. He praises God for leading him along his Personal Legend and begins to dig when he is approached by several men who command him to keep digging, as they were to take his gold. When Santiago found nothing in the ground, the men beat him and stopped only after he explained that he was led there by a dream. The soldiers leave but not before the leader explains a recurrent dream that he had. He told Santiago that his dream instructed him to â€Å"travel to the fields of Spain and look for a ruined church where shepherds and their sheep slept. In my dream, there was a sycamore growing out of the ruins of the sacristy, and I was told that, if I dug at the roots of the sycamore, I would find a hidden treasure† (163). This perhaps is the most ironic part of the story, as well as the most relevant to the mirage symbolism that is prevalent throughout the story line. Through the entirety of his journey, he is told that his treasure lies at the pyramids. He struggles to cross the desert and find his way there. When he finally reaches the place that seemed almost impossible to find, he is beaten and told through another person’s vision that his treasure lays in the fields of Andalusia, the exact spot where he started. It seemed that he was so close to his treasure, just one grain of sand away when suddenly he is told how far he truly is from obtaining it. This mirage reference gives the reader a sense of humor and knowledge that, the whole journey was made up for the purpose of personal growth. It gives the reader the sense that, while Santiago had always been right on top of the treasure and never knew, the journey and spiritual and personal growth was the real treasure Santiago obtained. When Santiago finally finds his treasure from the same tree he had previously slept under, the reader is given a final sense of relief that he has finally found the item that had always been just out of reach. Coelho uses these examples of symbolism and more to create an overlying relation of Santiago’s journey to that of a mirage. While this is not a traditional style in which a symbol is used and may not be noticed by a reader their first time reading the book, it is a prevalent relation that adds depth and character to the book. Even though the word mirage is only mentioned one time, a reader will be able to connect Santiago’s struggle in traveling and in his interpersonal communications as a relation to mirages. Without this relation, an element of the novel’s plot would be lost and readers would have nothing to compare his struggles to. Not only does the mirage relation give the reader a physical image to compare with his quest, it also ties the journey back to the setting, the Sahara Desert. This adds yet another layer to the story line that previously claimed everything is connected by the â€Å"Soul of the World† (22). Coelho masterfully works this overlaying symbol into his novel to add depth and character to a story and to give the reader an overall moral; to never give up on your dream, even when it seems as if it will always be physically unattainable. This moral is illustrated by Santiago’s determination in finding his treasure and returning to Fatima at the oasis, even when so much had already gone wrong on his quest. It describes how, if a person maintains their intended path and listens to their heart, they will have treasure beyond their dreams, find personal and spiritual growth, and be truly happy.

Lyndon Johnsons Effect Of American Foriegn Policy Towards Isreal Essay

Lyndon Johnsons Effect Of American Foriegn Policy Towards Isreal The following is a discussion of American foreign policy towards Israel, and the Middle East. In it I will show that Lyndon Johnson changed the regional position and opinion of the United Stated by adapting a pro Israeli stance, categorized by excusing many unadvised forceful actions taken by Israel. It will be shown how Johnson's response to the outbreak of the 1967 War was the major factor in the change. These changes took the first steps in developing the close friendship between America and Israel. Other factors will be discussed. The cold war had a major effect on policy decisions. This will be shown through a historical account of his predecessor's policies in their dealings with the region. I will show that American some presidents had pro Israeli feelings, but aimed at staying neutral, and keeping the broadness of American influence in the Middle East. In all dealings, American presidents tried to appease both sides, and keep the peace. It was not until Lyndon Johnson came to power that policy took such pro Israeli turn. His predecessor John F Kennedy set the stage, but it's roots lie in the Truman presidency, when Israel was not yet a nation. The analysis next leads to Eisenhower, his stance during the Suez Canal Crisis, gained America a good standing amongst Israeli's and Arabs. The foundations for the 1967 war are built on this crisis. Harry Truman looked at the issue through Humanitarian eyes, as did his predecessor, Franklin Roosevelt. The two both truly felt sorry for what had had happened to the Jews and wanted to see some reparations made. These two men had their cabinets, state department and foreign affairs to consider before making a public stance on their Jewish feelings. Truman had a very bureaucratic, and anti Semitic state department to deal with. He called them the striped pants boys. These boys saw no reason to stress the urgent creation of a Jewish state, and were in no hurry to empty the overflowing displaced persons camps. Truman's opinion was that the state department's only concern was future American Arab relations, and not the fate of the shattered people. (Lenczowski page 26) This was also the world opinion. World War II had just ended. Most of the European powers were bankrupt. The Arabs were also a consideration; they controlled the oil a resource the western powers relied on. These nations were not eager to see a Jewish state created in their neighborhood. Harry Truman took pro Jewish actions anyway. In a communication to English Prime Minster Winston Churchill on July 24, 1945 he requested that he lift the existing immigration restrictions of Jews to the then state of Palestine. Truman's policy led to harsh criticism. It was said that he urged action in Palestine but was not willing to take responsibility for its enforcement. American motives came into question as well. One year later Foreign Secretary Earnest Beavin at a conference addressing the British labor party in Bournmouth on June 12 1946, was quoted as saying American policy makers want to ensure immigration to Palestine ? Because they did not want too many of them on New York.? (Lenczowski page 26) This was not the time to give full American support to the Jews. Instead an Anglo American ?blue ribbon? committee was formed to look into possible solutions to the problem. Upon Truman's acceptance members appointed, and began working. The committee in April of 1946 concluded, and made their recommendations, in ?The Grady Morrision report?. It recommended the continuation of the British mandate, the immediate immigration of 100,000 Jews to Palestine, and immediate repudiation of the land transfer restrictions. The next step was the creation of an Anglo-American committee to implement the sanctions put forth by the original committee. (Lenczowski page 23) The result was the Grady Morrison report, it called for the formation of a federalized Arab Jewish state, as well as required Jewish Arab consent on numbers of Jewish refugees aloud to immigrate. This proposal was disappointing to the Zionists, and was not accepted by Truman, and the committee was a failure. (Lenczowski page 24) On two occasions before and after reading the report of committee Truman called