Cultural Change and Shifting Views of America Essay

The Chicago World’s Fair in 1893 was a huge event! Not only because the World’s fair is a big deal, but this particular World’s fair was a hard one for Chicago to get. Many other big cities put in their bids to host the event, including New York and Washington D.C. On May 1, 1893, the gates opened at the World’s Columbian Exposition. This fair which was meant to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’ first voyage also served as a showcase for a fully rebuilt Chicago. †At the core of the fair was an area that quickly became known as the White City for its buildings with white stucco siding and its streets illuminated by electric lights† (Maranzani, 2013). The Ashcan school was a group of New York city artists who wanted to capture the turn of the 20th century in New York city through realistic portraits of everyday life. These artists captured all aspects. Not just the rich and promising on Fifth Avenue, but the lower class and culturally textured immigrants. Some critics of the time did not like their choice of subjects which often included slums, alleys, and taverns that were frequented by the local working class. The Gilded age was a time when many changes in America were taking place. The economy was flourishing and so was art. Painters were depicting a realistic look at all the glories and hardships of the new age. Wealthy Americans wanted to fill their homes with beautiful things and yearned to have their image captured for posterity by having their portraits painted. These two times have something in common. Both include art that depicted realism and the things going on around them. While both covered the high and the low times, the gilded age was a postwar era that marked a cultural change for the country. Painters in this era like Winslow Homer gained fame for realistic illustrations of the Civil War. Culture inspires art. A lot of artist paint what they know or the things around them. Culture survives man through many things such as, music,  poetry, sculptures, architecture, etc. These things are all art. Think back to the ancient times that we study. Hieroglyphics were a form of communication which used pictures to convey messages. This is part of Egyptian culture, yet it is art at the same time. Art and culture is how humanity makes sense of and shares the world around us. References Maranzani, B., (2013). 7 Things You May Not Know About the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair. Retrieved from http://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-1893-chicago-worlds-fair U.S History, (n.d.). Painting the Gilded Age. Retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/us/38f.asp Boundless, (n.d.), The Rise of Realism. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/race-empire-and-culture-in-the-gilded-age-1870-1900-21/the-rise-of-realism-161/the-rise-of-realism-861-10326/

Wto Case

Tasks: 1) Review the articles and explain what is the core of the dispute * The core of the dispute are economic relations between countries and its companies, which stand in WTO. In these situations each country tries to defend its rights and win, so WTO’s primary task is to solve the arising problems guided with one of the main principles – non-discrimination. The rule requires that a WTO member must apply the same conditions on all trade with other WTO members, i. . a WTO member has to grant the most favorable conditions under which it allows trade in a certain product type to all other WTO members. So in the case of China – USA dispute WTO uses this principle and forces China to open the market for U. S. movies, music and books. China regulated US movies and music so far in order to protect their domestic entertainment market. But WTO ruled that China has to open to foreign entertainment materials according to globalization. ) Find and present at least three another disputes which are at the agenda of the Dispute Settlement Body of WTO. * DISPUTE DS450: China — Certain Measures Affecting the Automobile and Automobile-Parts Industries * The United States requested consultations with China concerning certain measures providing subsidies in the form of grants, loans, forgone government revenue, the provision of goods and services, and other incentives contingent upon export performance to automobile and automobile-parts enterprises in China. DISPUTE DS455: Indonesia — Importation of horticultural products, animals and animal products * The United States requested consultations with Indonesia concerning certain measures it imposes on the importation of horticultural products, animals and animal products. * DISPUTE DS456: India — Certain Measures Relating to Solar Cells and Solar Modules * The United States requested consultations with India concerning certain measures of India relating to domestic content requirements u nder the Jawaharial Nehru National Solar Mission (â€Å"NSM†) for solar cells and solar modules. ) Explain the term â€Å"dumping prices† * Dumping price is name for the practice of selling a product in a foreign country for less than the price in the domestic country, or the cost of making the product. Such a low prices may constitute a competition problem; e. g. when a company, which is dominating in a market, â€Å"dumps† their price, and the price drops so far that the company sells at a loss in order to eliminate a competitor. * Dumping in CZE: Radim Jancura commented a situation about Regio Jet. They have lost about 50mil.Kc in 2012 and he accused CD of dumping prices. Commentator was surprised to hear that from Jancura, who provided tickets for 1Kc from Prague to Liberec in the beginning. And Jancura explained: â€Å"It’s not dumping prices when it’s small beginning company, because it can’t destroy the competition. But when the comp any owns more than 30% of the market, than it’s dumping†¦ † 4) Which other commodities are object of protectionist measures? * As we come closer to a free trade, the protectionist measures become weaker. You can read also Thin Film Solar CellNevertheless, there are commodities, which can be a good example of protectionism. The EU imposes substantial tariff rates on many agricultural markets in order to increase the income of European farmers through increasing prices. The most significant examples are meat, dairy products, vegetables, cereals, sugar and agricultural products. There was a 20-years â€Å"banana war†, which consisted in great tariffs on banana imports from Latin America. Exporters had to pay â‚ ¬176 per ton of bananas.But then 10 Latin American countries signed a â€Å"historic† agreement to end the â€Å"banana wars† and banana prices are expected to fall by 11%. Argentina has increased imports duties on 100 products, including over a dozen agricultural goods. Tariffs on the import of milk powder increased to 9% after there was a threat of falling incomes to Argentinian farmers. Apart from commodities mentioned above, we think it can be also all types of commodities which are somehow important for the domestic economy (eg. because of domestic jobs, certain key industries, etc. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. WTO | dispute settlement – the disputes – DS450. World Trade Organization [online].  © 2013 [cit. 2013-03-05]. Dostupne z: http://www. wto. org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds450_e. htm [ 2 ]. WTO | dispute settlement – the disputes – DS455. World Trade Organization [online].  © 2013 [cit. 2013-03-05]. Dostupne z: http://www. wto. org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds455_e. htm [ 3 ]. WTO | dispute settlement – the disputes – DS456. World Trade Organization [online].  © 2013 [cit. 013-03-05]. Dostupne z: http://www. wto. org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds456_e. htm [ 4 ]. Dumping (pricing policy). In: Wikipedia: the free encyclopedia [online]. San Francisco (CA): Wik imedia Foundation, 2001- [cit. 2013-03-05]. Dostupne z: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dumping_(pricing_policy) [ 5 ]. Examples and Types of Protectionism – Economics Blog. Economics Help – Simplifying Economics [online].  © 2013 [cit. 2013-03-05]. Dostupne z: http://www. economicshelp. org/blog/6911/alevel/examples-of-protectionism/

Batman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Batman - Essay Example These comics were based on the moods of the people at the time as the talk of war and recruitment into the army was a part of public discourse (Brooker 34). Robert Kahn, who later changed his name to Bob Kane was born on 24 October 1915 in New York and is the imaginative creator of Batman, a publication of Detective Comics. Kane notes who is an artist notes that writer Bill Finger played a contributing role in the creation of the super human icon. As an artist, Kane had prior to creation of Batman taken part in the humorous drawings like Jest Laffs and Peter Pupp for the Eiser/Iger studio and later on created Side Streets of New York and Van Bragger for Circus Comics. It is this drawing prowess especially in adventure strips that he depended on to create Batman (Duncan and Smith 383). Vin Sullivan who was the editor of Detective Comics at the time when Kane was just starting his artistic career, was impressed with the popularity superman has achieved in a short period since it debute d in 1938. To increase the audience for his magazine, the editor wanted to include a new super human character that would further capture the imagination of children in America, just as Superman had. The publishing boom at the time meant that the editor’s seasoned artists were busy in their different projects. Sullivan approached the eager and much younger Kane, with the proposal to design a new comical character that would capitalize on the success of costumed heroes that superman had achieved since it was released a year before. It is the suggestion that motivated Kane develop the idea of a costumed hero he named Batman. To have his ideas become a reality, Kane consulted a friend, Bill Finger, who was a writer with whom Kane had in 1938 and early 1939 collaborated on several comic series. The two spend the following days piecing together what they perceive the personality and appearance of Batman should be (Reinhart 1). In making their character unique, the Kane and Finger relied on different sources they could find. For Batman’s, scalloped cape, the creators chose the ornithopter, which is an adaptation of Leonardo da Vinci’s drawing of a glider, fitted with bat-like wings. The idea of a super hero but dressed in a dark and sinister-looking costume like suitable for villain came from characters in magazine such as Johnston McCulley’s Zorro and Walter Gibson’s The shadow. It was also the character of Zorro, which contributed to the concept of the super hero idle socialite in daytime but a masked vigilante at night. According to Kane, Zorro played a big influence on his ideas drawing inspiration from the first film adaptation of The Mark of Zorro, which had Douglas Fairbanks in the leading role. The Bat Whisperers was also important in Kane’s creation as it contributed to the bat motif for his super hero character. The director of The Bat Whisperers based his film on the 1920 play The Bat where the character wore a bl ack cloak and mask then stalked his victims. Kane further borrowed the concept of bat shadows present in the bat film. Since the majority of comic fans were children, Kane decided to pick on a character that will resonate with this young audience. For this reason, Kane and his collaborators chose to pair their dark, lone crime fighter

Final Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final - Term Paper Example A company selling a hundred per cent polyester sweaters is not allowed by law to advertise their product under the phrase â€Å"That Wool Feel.† This is so because the phrase would be found misleading to the potential consumers and would count as a misrepresentation since the makers of the sweaters know that using the term â€Å"that wool feel† is false representation and that it is intended to induce justifiable reliance to the consumers. Also the issue of monetary loss arises in the fact that it is relatively cheaper to use polyester as a cloth making material as opposed to wool. The act also results in to a fraud since reliance is also established by the fact that a statement of the sweater maker’s opinion will be held as true hence relied upon by the consumer since the manufacturer has, by general assumption, more superior skill and knowledge about sweaters. In this case, the five elements of fraud apply. Case 2 In a case where a person or an organisation dec ides to use other persons’ material and the material happens to be copyrighted or patented, then the person should be held liable for one or more of the intellectual property torts. In the case sample given, College Copy Shop gained money from publishing whose owners reserved the sole right of republishing, duplicating or copying as is the case with any original publisher. The law of intellectual property tort states that once there is a patent or a copyright, as is in this case, using it for any other reason other than the ones expressly allowed by the publisher would be an infringement to the patent rights; hence patent law would be applied in deciding the case should a legal suit emerge. Case 3 Ace Corp. sent an invitation to J. Brown to work for them; an act that is legally considered as advertisement rather than an offer. J. Brown replied with details that he would like the job for a certain pay coupled with other demands and technically that was the offer. Afterwards Ac e Corp. replied to J. Browns offer and said that his offer was something they could work with and asked if J. Brown could report, something that he assented to. After the third month, he found that Ace Corp. was not honouring their initial agreement to the letter and decided to quit the job, where he moved back to the company he previously worked for before going to Ace Corp. During J. Brown’s exit from his employer Ace Corp., he took with him confidential information belonging to Ace Corp. and when he re-joined Crown, his employer before Ace Corp., he shared the stolen information with Crown. The issues in this case are if there was a contract between Ace Corp. and J. Brown, whether Ace Corp. breached it after denying J. Brown the bonus he had requested on the offer he made and if J. Brown can recover damages therein. Here is a detailed analysis on the above issues. Brown had a contract with Ace Corp. even though his offer was not out rightly accepted by letter or word of mo uth. In the laws of contract, performance is considered as adequate and sufficient acceptance if it is done in response to an offer or a counter offer. I this case, Ace Corp. accepted J. Brown’

Critically Appraising Quantitative Studies Research Paper

Critically Appraising Quantitative Studies - Research Paper Example are true for the people in the study while external validity is the reflection to the target population by the study for people who are not included in the study. Biases that may lead to internal invalidity include statistical analysis, withdrawals and dropouts, blinding, data collection methods, allocation bias, confounding, intervention integrity. Internal validity occurs in unbiased results and only internally viable research can be generalized ensuring external validity. Reliability denotes the amount of trust that can be given to a research and is therefore a measure of the likelihood for reproducing the same research (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010). This is determined using statistical techniques relating to frequency of occurrence of chance and uncertainty of an observation. The threshold for chance use to check for reliability is 5% where a research phenomenon is reliable if it occurred more than 5% and its occurrence is therefore not by chance. Applicability is the extent to which the results obtained can have an impact on practice where contrast is made against statistical significance. This entails checking if the research will generate any difference on the users of the research. The most important factor is validity because applicability is dependent on reliability and validity but results can be reliable but not valid making them unable to be generally applied. It is also more important because reliability is a necessary condition for validity however it is not a sufficient condition. In conclusion, it is more important where the research outcome is both reliable and valid for the best research

A report for organization expansion into global sector Assignment

A report for organization expansion into global sector - Assignment Example The third section deals with overall strategies that any global firms should take when initializing internationalization processes. The fourth section deals with specific entrant strategies that Clippy should take. The fifth and final section deals with the overall recommendations and conclusions on how Clippy should internationalize. Introduction Clippy bags is a London operation that seems like its time has come. Specializing in customizable bags that may be designed with the individuals’ favorite photographs or print, the bags may become the next big thing. That said, Clippy must roll out a careful globalization plan if it is to capitalize fully on its idea. If it attempts to globalize too soon, in the wrong markets, or with the wrong plan, then it may not be successful in all markets, which might lead to the demise of the company. Further, if it does not partner with domestic firms in the targeted countries, at least at first, then it may succumb to any number of pitfalls that would cause it to fail in that market. These pitfalls range from regulatory hurdles to cultural barriers that are subtle and must be mastered by individuals who are native to that country. The following report recommends the proper strategy for Clippy to use to internationalize. First, it must research countries with the proper analysis of the political, economical, social and technological factors (PEST), along with doing an analysis of the rivals in each country and the relative strength of buyers verses suppliers in each country, using Porter’s Five Forces. From there, it should roll out a gradual strategy of internationalizing, beginning with imports/exports to these countries combined with foreign direct investment. From there, it should gradually establish a presence in each country with a joint venture strategy, followed by a parent-subsidiary strategy, with finally implementing a strategy of opening up retail chains, along with manufacturing and distribution cent ers in these countries. Therefore, the strategy for Clippy is based upon the internationalisation process (IP) model, which states that firms must first acquire market knowledge and gradually internationalize in a series of steps. This reduces the risk that firms take when entering foreign markets. Moreover, countries with smaller cultural distance, as explained below, are the countries that will be the first countries to enter, according to the IP theory, followed by countries with gradually larger cultural distance (Eiche, 2010, p. 6). These are the steps that Clippy should take to ensure success. Exporting and Importing One way that Clippy can get involved on the international stage would be importing/exporting her goods. International trade is important to a growing firm, as it is linked to a firm having higher productivity, a larger size and greater capital intensity then before it begins to export/import (Bernard et al., 2009, p. 514). Further, multi-national companies who eng age in importing and exporting pay higher wages than firms which do not do either of these, and also tend to be the leader in innovation in their respective industry (Bernard et al., 2009, p. 514). Moreover, trading tends to be concentrated in a small number of firms. For instance, Bernard et al. found that the top 1% of firms, in terms of international trading, accounted for 82% of all trades in the United States (Bernard et al., 2009, p. 515). Moreover, while most firms trade only a small percentage of goods to a

International Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Law - Assignment Example In this regard, obligations erga omnes should be accepted as international law due to the fact that they are based on natural law which must be observed and respected by all states, regardless of jurisdiction5. In this regard, Francisco (33) this kind of law takes precedence over treaty law where international law is concerned due to its nature and the need to protect the basic human rights. It also helps states to be accountable with regard to their actions and this in turn promotes peace6. .7 This is an indication of just how important it is for states to look at these universal obligations as international law8. Treating these obligations as international laws is important for states as it not only also protects them from abuse by other states, but sets clear precedent as to how they should treat other countries and their citizens in cases where there are no clear lines of actions9. A good example of where this is applicable is the issue of torture which is now interminably regard ed as illegal in the face of international law10. As Christian (95) says, it is necessary for all states to understand their legal obligations towards each other in order to have a harmonious existence as the international community. ... This is also echoed by Christian13 who also argues that all states must be able to follow the protocols of international law even in cases where there are no clear guidelines. According to him, where there are no clear guidelines, states must look at the fundamental human rights and use them as the beacon14. International treaties and statues such as the Rome statues are based on this kind of legal precedence that is grounded on the application of universal natural human rights15. Basic human rights are fundamentally international law as every human being is entitled to these rights regardless of where they are16. The Rome statues for instance looks at the rights of soldiers who are captured at war and the captor country is, under the Rome Statue, not allowed to torture the captives as this is an aggravation of basic human rights17. As Francisco (205) says, international humanitarian law is based on the fact that a violation of this law towards even one individual is a violation of t he same towards all mankind. This is predicated by the same declaration with regard to slavery and marine piracy which, when committed is seen under international as a violation not only to the circumstantial victims but also to the rest of mankind18. The violation of the basic human rights such as the deprivation of dignity, the denial of due process etc, to one individual is seen as an undermining of human life all over the world19. Bibliography Andre, Hoogh. Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry Into the Implementation and Enforcement of the International Responsibility of States. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

Affirmative action debate pt2 Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Affirmative action debate pt2 - Thesis Example The enforcement of affirmative action in admission into universities and higher education for those minority groups in the community will act to motivate those oppressed by the discrimination to join in the campaign for its implementation and to work even harder in school. Children of immigrant parents and children from poor families will benefit from the affirmative action. Awareness creation campaigns can be carried out through the media and at the local government level to ensure that the minority groups understand how they can benefit from the action and can therefore support the debate of implementing this action in all institutions of higher education. There has been existing stereotypes that only whites are high achievers and the elites of the US society. This has been majorly because the other races have not been having equal access to higher education equally as the white people. If affirmative action is enforced therefore, this will soon change and the stereotypes will be abolished. One way of ensuring this is by having the stereotyped races sign petitions for the implementation of this policy. If the signatures are more, the policy can be passed to be a law for all states and all institutions of higher learning. In most employment sectors (especially the prestigious jobs), there is domination by certain genders only and the other minority gender (mostly women) are crowded in lesser positions of authority. This has been the case because fewer women have been accessing certain causes in universities and colleges which may lead them to authority positions in the job market. Most women are concentrated in art courses, home economics and secretarial courses, whereas men are in the managerial and science courses. If affirmative action is present in admission into these institutions, there can be an equal number of men and women in certain professionals hence reducing the discrimination and

Financial Performance Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Performance Analysis - Case Study Example This shows a continuous decline in current ratio in 2006 onwards as compared to that in 2005, which shows that the company is experiencing liquidity crunch; and this may ultimately lead to insolvency of the company. The desired (benchmark) current ratio is 2:1. The current ration of M & S shows that the short term assets of the company are not sufficient to cover the short term liabilities. The Debt ratio of M&S was 4055.2/5210.5 = 78% in 2006 which is lower than 3958.1/4867.3 = 81% in 2005. In addition, the interim statements shows a slight increase in the debt to asset ratio to 4289.6/5410.8 = 79%. Overall, the ratio shows that almost 80% of the total assets of the company are financed through debt. When analyzed with current ratio, this shows that the company might be vulnerable to problems arising due to extra loans and debts, and inability to service debt due to lower levels of current assets. The Debt-Equity ratio of the company has shown a declining trend as it decreases from 3958.1/909.2 = 4.35 in 2005 to 4055.2/1155.3 = 3.51 in 2006. It shows an increase to 4289.6/1121.2 = 3.83 for the half yearly period in 2006. This relatively lower level of D/E ratio is considered to be safer and shows that the company is not heavily indebted. ... The ROA for the period April - September 2006 was 281.3/5410.8 = 5.2%. The decline shows that the company is not doing well in making an effective use of its assets to generate income for 2006 as compared to that in 2005. Total Assets Turnover The asset turnover for the company has been 7797.7/5210.5 = 1.50 in 2006 as compared to 7490.5/4867.3 = 1.54 in 2005 showing a declining trend. It was 3929.4/5410.8 = 0.726 for the half year period in September 2006. The total assets turnover is a critical ratio that measures the efficiency of the organization in using its assets to generate sales. The ratio for M&S is on the lower side showing that assets are not being used efficiently to generate dollar of sales. Management should take a note of this and should take appropriate steps to resolve this issue. Inventory Turnover The inventory turnover (Cost of Sales/Inventory) for the company has been 4812.1/374.3 = 12.86 in 2006 as compared to 4887.6/338.9 = 14.42 in 2005. This shows that on average, inventory has been sold 12.86 times in 2006 as compared to 14.42 times in 2005. The decline might be due to the ineffective inventory management practices, or may also be due to the lack of sales (but the sales have increased in 2006 as compared to 2005). The company should investigate this decline in inventory turnover to appropriately identify and resolve issues. Cost of Goods Sold to Sales & Gross Profit Margin The company did relatively better in reducing the cost of goods sold to sales ratio at 4812.6/7797.7 = 61.72% in 2006 as compared to 4887.6/7490.5 = 65.25% in 2005. This shows that the cost of inputs have been kept to low as compared to the revenue that is being generated from these inputs. This may show efficiencies in production function and indicates that there

Architectural Branding Essay Example for Free

Architectural Branding Essay The 4P’s have been extended to 7P’s namely: Price, Place, Promotion, People, Physical Evidence and Process. Architectural Branding is an important element of Physical Evidence very strongly prevailing in International Brands e. g. Calvin Klein, Nike town, DG, Prada etc. With the changing Indian Market scenario and customer awareness Indian Brands have now realised to incorporate the culture of Architectural Branding as an important brand element. Possibly Brands like Colour Plus, Wills Lifestyle, Sepia also are trying to incorporate the concept of Architectural Banding. Therefore through an exploratory research on the related topics of branding it was felt that architectural branding will help us in the long run in the industry and would widen our horizon of knowledge. Down the line I felt that this concept would be taught to us in our course curriculum of Fashion Management. Through this topic of Architectural Branding we would get to learn about basics of Architecture, Interior Design and Design Space and relating these subjects to the Market Research and Consumer Behaviour. Information Needed ? Introduction to Architectural Branding Concepts of Architecture †¢ Material †¢ Types of Structure ? Architecture in Retail †¢ Exteriors †¢ Interior Design †¢ Store Layout, Design

Pakistan Economy Challenges and Prospects

Pakistan Economy Challenges and Prospects Geographically, Pakistan is an asian country situated in the south sharing borders with China and India who are considered to be one of the biggest markets in the world. Pakistan has an estimated population of 180 million. It sixth biggest country in the world in terms of population with the fifth biggest army in the world. It has an approximate area of 803,940 km2. The estimated GDP of Pakistan is $164 billion and contributes 19.6% to agriculture, 26.8% to industry and 53.7% to services. The countrys per capita income is around $1022. The countrys human development index is 0.52 and external debts rounding off to $50.1 billion. Strengths The economy of Pakistan is an agricultural country. It is an agricultural country based on agriculture, textile, services, remittances and cottage industry. The country has a great deal of potential to grow and become a better country in the world. The current rate of economic growth is 2% that has come down from 6.8% achieved during the period of 2006-2007. The last two decades has particularly seen the telecommunications industry to grow and boom throughout the country. Even geographically, Pakistan is given great importance. The country holds a great amount of natural resoursces. It has the best agricultural system. The country has four seasons. It has a great potential to expand its tourism department as it has one of the highest mountain ranges, coastlines and vast deserts. Weakness Despite all the potentials and strenghts, the country is suffering a great deal from its weaknesses. Every year a big portion of the budget goes towards defence and foreign debts. The rest of the budget that has to go towards the welfare of the country suffers from corruption which is one of the biggest threats to the countrys welfare. Another threat to the country is its lack of action to control terrorism that has weakened the roots of the country and has rocked its roots. The administration has lacked to provide essantial ways to better the the agriculture. The educational system has failed disasterously though the private institutes have boomed. But the administration has failed to provide education to poors. The country is currently suffering from providing ample amount of electricity and gas due to its lack of development in the sectors. Human Resource in Pakistan Pakistan has been in international news headlines for a variety of reasons other than for its human resource efforts. Observations suggest that increased international support and a reverse brain drain phenomenon continue to contribute to the HR efforts in Pakistan. There has been a significant increase in the application of HR at community, national, and regional levels (McLean et al. 2006). The November 2008 conference of the Academy of HR in Asia also intends to focus on the role of HR in sustainable development. Thus, it is important to examine HR not only in corporate, but also in government and social settings, especially in developing countries (Budhwani and McLean 2005). In Pakistan, HR is influenced by lack of funds and qualified HR staff. The government of Pakistan allocates a small amount of budget for HR activities (Aftab 2007). However, the nonprofit sector, a public-private partnership sector, seems to be more organized in its HR efforts.This paper sheds light on HR in Pakistan and how it can be developed by using local knowledge and international support and expertise. Pakistan came into being on 14 August 1947 and today we are struggling for sustainable development. Over the years Pakistan faced many challenges and the time of independence there were many genuine problems but 59 years were not less for developing and managing the human resource effectively. Now we are standing in a situation where our government setups have failed to deliver and achieve a level of excellence. The private local companies have HR department but not properly functional. The Army is a little organized but is over indulging in the areas that are not their domain .The multinational are better because they are following the same internatioally used management tools. The past practices can not be overlooked as they have created a bunch of unskilled qualified man power and unproductive organizations. The issues or problems in the human recourse management are in all the functions of HRM discipline:   Telenor Pakistan Telenor Pakistan, a wholly owned subsidiary of Telenor ASA, launched its operations in March 2005. One of the leading telecom operators providing prepaid, postpaid and value added services to seven million customers, Human resource at Telenor  Pakistan As a company, telenor has worked its way towards its product by providing a different approach and creativity. Their services and advertising campaigns were also not traditional. Telenor Pakistan has been able to exercise unconventional operations to achieve productivity with a high output. The company has always kept in mind to provide quality service and simplicity in the solutions. One of the greatest achievements of Telenor is great performance of its employees by providing them an environment like a home. The company exercises true equality towards its employees. There is no traditional way of communication rather the company exercises communications at all levels within their employees and providing all with equal priviliges. The employees dont have to be dressed formally unless they have to communicate to external people. Thus providing the employees an environment that is like a home. This is one of the greatest factors within the company that helps them achieve their levels of productivity by a great deal of contribution. Beside these, there are other techniques the company has adopted at Telenor Pakistan: Unique and very well structured Recruitment and Selection methods, driven by competency-based screening Separatem OrganizationalDevelopment (OD) function Revamping the human resource management division name with Human Capital Division (HCD) Unique Selection Recruitment Methods Regardless of the recruitment processes taking place at other companies. Telenor Pakistan has adopted and the conditions and is carrying out an unique recruitment process to get the most appropriate people to the positions vacant in the company. The recuritment in the company goes through a three level process that is foundation, development and growth. The recruitment process now gets even harder by not just looking at the high GPAs or prestigious degrees but by sensing the best personality with all the abilities required by the company to benefit its economic value. The company has rebranded its recruitment process from traditional human resourse management to Human Capital Division as it refers to the stock of skills and knowledge and the ability to perform labour. Conclusion: Telenor has not only initiated new concepts and world class human resource management techniques, but also with its on-campus recruitment seminars and the Telenor Alumni and Ambassador Programs, the company is always on the lookout to maximize its reach in terms of its outward orientation There is also an important point raised that Telenor provides 100% focus on talen as they say we hire for talent, and train for skills. Human resource practice in Telenor  Pakistan Habib Bank LTD Pakistan Habib Bank is the largest bank in Pakistan. It has over 1425 branches throughout Pakistan and 55 branches across the world. The company is referred to as HBL. The companys head quarters are at Habib Bank Plaza Karachi Pakistan. Habib bank continues to take strong hold in Pakistans domestic market with shares over 40%. The bank also dominates in providing loans to small industries and traders and agricultural loans to farmers. The bank also controls 55% of inward foreign remittances. Human Resource management structure: As with the HRM department of any other company. The HRM department of HBL is also very active and is considered to be the best in Pakistan. The structure of the bank from top to bottom is as: One President (CEO) has 10 Senior Executive Vice-Presidents. They in turn have 29 Executive Vice Presidents working under and 154 senior Vice Presidents. They inturn have 420 vice presidents and then 831 Assistant vice Presidents. They inturn have 2350 officers of Grade 1 working under them, 4108 officers of grade 2 work under them and 3364 officers of Grade 3 come under them. The next level has 10, 658 clerical/non-clerical employees. The total employees as per 1999 balance sheet is 23, 022.    Job Analysis: The procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hired for it is called Job analysis. Job analysis is every important as job analysis information is used in Selecting and recruiting, compensation, performance appraisal, training and in resolving other issues which HBL faces. HBL takes Job analysis services from Sidat Hyder Morshed Association (SHMA) which is the biggest HR consulting firm in Pakistan. The methods which are used in collecting job analysis information are The interview Questionnaires The Interview for job analysis: Interview is a big source in collecting information in the job analysis. Individual employees, group of employees and supervisors with vast knowledge about jobs are interviewed. The format of interview is Structured and unstructured. In structured interview a set of sequence of questions are followed by interviewers and in unstructured type of interview the interviewer pursues points of interest as they come up in response to questions. Questionnaires: In questionnaire the employees solve the fill out questionnaires to describe their job-related duties and responsibilities. The formats of questionnaires are either structured or open ended. Conclusion The telecom sector has been in boom recenlty in Pakistan, one of the basic reason for the success was the economy of Pakistan,as because of cheap labour the telecom sector was able to provide cheap services to masses. The second reason for success was growing market as the telecom sector was very new in begining of 2000. The main success of Habib Bank Limited was the fact that over the years retail banking was unexplored, till early 2000. Good governance by State bank of Pakistan was another reason for this success. As skilled labour was avaiable at lower cost which made it much easier to the banking sector to grow.